Livestock and dairy farming are an important occupation of Indian farmers which boost economy of country. India has first rank in milk production worldwide but milk productivity is less due to unavailability of quality fodder round the year. Feeding of animals with any fodders not found suitable for milk productivity, health and profitability of dairy farming. Dairy cattle require nutrients to produce milk, especially during the first 3 to 4 months after calving, when milk production is highest. Green fodder is an economic source of nutrients for the dairy animals. It is highly palatable, digestible and primary source of vitamin A. Micro-organisms present in green fodder help in improving digestibility of crop residues under mixed feeding system. Feeding of green fodder including Azolla to milch animals means

not only enhance the milk production but also increase the quality of milk by increasing the content of unsaturated fat, Omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and carotenoids. It also helps in maintaining good health and improving breeding efficiency of animals. Increased use of green fodder in the ration of animals may reduce cost of milk production. Keeping in view the above facts, this review paper has highlighted forms of green fodder and latest released varieties of fodder crops in India.

Highlights

• Green fodder is a cheap and highly nutritious feed responsible for the overall health and breeding efficiency of animals.
• Fodder cultivation is directly related to the milk production, birth rate and health of milch animals. So, sustainable development of dairy depends solely on quality green fodder production in required quantity.