Climate change is one of the most pressing global environmental challenges, with significant implications for food security, water supply, and ecosystems. In Madhya Pradesh, India, rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and shifting monsoon dynamics are affecting agriculture and water resources, exacerbating vulnerabilities in both rural and urban communities. This Paper examines the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on agriculture and water resources, and local ecosystems in Madhya Pradesh, focusing on the adaptation strategies employed by communities dependent on natural resources. We explore the role of indigenous knowledge in predicting seasonal weather patterns, which helps farmers adapt to changing climate conditions, such as drought or excessive rainfall. Additionally, we assess agricultural practices that have evolved over generations, such as the cultivation of drought resistant

crops and crop diversification, which enhances resilience to climate variability. The paper also discusse 

the challenges faced by forest-dependent communities due to increased forest fires, water scarcity, and degradation of natural resources. Climate change adaptation is thus crucial at the local level, where community-based approaches, including the promotion of climate-resilient crops and sustainable water management are essential for mitigating the impacts. This study emphasizes the need for integrating traditional knowledge with scientific research and policy

Highlights

• Agriculture in Madhya Pradesh is highly sensitive to climate change, affecting crop yields and food security.
• Shifting weather patterns create challenges like droughts and excessive rainfall, threatening productivity.