The production of quality onion bulb is very important for producing the quality seed in the next season. Consequently, the experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2014-15 and 2015-16 with nine treatments combinations viz. three transplanting dates and three age of seedlings planted in a Factorial Randomized Block Design

with tree replications. Maximum plant height (68.4 cm), number of leaves per plant (8.2) and bulb yield (310.8 q/ha) was recorded in 30th December transplanted crop as compared to other transplanting dates. However, bulb quality parameters like neck thickness (9.64 mm), bolting (1.20%) and split bulb (5.2%) were noticed significantly minimum with delayed transplanting on 15th January as compared to earlier date. There was no significant differences were recorded between 50 and 60 days old seedlings for plant height, number of leaves and bulb yield, however, these parameters were maximum as compared to 70 days old seedlings, while, neck thickness of bulb, bolting and split bulb percentage were recorded minimum. So it is concluded that in semi-arid, sub tropical region of north western India particularly in Haryana state, 50 to 60 days old seedlings planted on 30th of December produced higher yield and quality bulb of onion.

A field experiment was conducted during the 2022 main cropping season to determine the optimum population density of mung bean and row arrangement of sorghum-mung bean intercropping for enhancing the productivity of the systems. RCBD factorial combinations of three population densities of mung bean (50%, 67%, and 100% with three-row arrangements (1S:1M, 2S:1M, and 3S:1M), with sole sorghum and sole Mung bean as check was used. Data on phenology, growth, yield, and yield-related parameters of the experimental crops were taken and analyzed using SAS soft wear. Land equivalent ratio, competitive ratio, area time equivalent ratio, monetary advantage index, and MRR analysis were used for estimating the economic feasibility of the intercropping. The highest grain yield of sorghum (3030.93 kg ha-1 and 3020.43 kg ha-1) was obtained within 2S:1M and 67% and 1S:1M and 50% of row arrangement and population density of mung bean, respectively. The highest yield of mung bean (626.37 kg ha-1) was in a 1S:1M row arrangement with 100% population density of mung bean. The highest LER (1.35), monetary advantage index (21493 ETB ha-1), net benefit (83309 ETB ha-1), and acceptable MRR% (125.34) were obtained in 1S:1M with 50% population density of mung bean. Intercropping sorghum in a 1:1 row arrangement within 50% population density of mung bean gives 12.54 and 63.65% yield advantages and up to 21.43% and 45.27% ETB ha-1 net benefit advantages respectively than planting sorghum and mung bean alone. Therefore, 1S:1M row arrangements with a population density of 50% (125,000 plants ha-1) are recommended for intercropping in the target area, based on its better compatibility, productivity, and economic benefit

The study was initiated with the objective of assessing genetic variability and trait association using 6×6 simple lattice design in Sekota district during main cropping season in 2021. Both plot and plant  based data were collected and analysis following the simple lattice design guide. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the presence of significant differences among genotypes for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, thousand seed weight, biological yield,yield, harvest index and protein content. 4451.4 kg ha-1 was the highest grain yield while the lowest was 2273.2 kg ha-1 with a mean of 3092.12 kg ha-1. 17 genotypes (50%) were higher yielder than average mean 3092.12 kg ha-1. 4 genotypes (23.53%) were both high-yielder and relatively high in grain protein content. Moderate genotypic coefficient of variation coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean were obtained for plant height, seeds per spike, biomass, grain yield and harvest

index. Grain protein content had a low GCV, moderate heritability and low GAM, indicating a strong influence of environment on grain quality and less variation among genotypes in their grain protein content. Plant height, spike length, thousand kernel weight, biomass and harvest index had positive significant correlations with grain yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Therefore, selection and hybridisation based on the desired traits could be possible for the improvement of durum wheat in  the study area. For reliable results and recommendations, it is advisable to repeat the experiment for at least one more season over locations.

This paper has studied the direction of trade of turmeric by Markov chain analysis and has shown that Malaysia is the most stable market of turmeric, followed by USA, Bangladesh, UAE and Iran and Morocco are the most unstable importers. The estimated NPCs have indicated that the Indian turmeric was price competitive during the study period 2009 to 2010. India had enjoyed a comparative advantage in turmeric exports during the study period i.e., 2009 to 2022.

The aim of this study was to assess the haemato-biochemical parameters of open pyometra affected bitches during treatment therapy with cloprostenol and mifepristone. The study was conducted on 18 numbers of bitches irrespective of age, sex and parity. Four milliliter of blood sample was collected aseptically from each bitch and the haemato-biochemical parameters were evaluated. The BUN(Blood urea nitrogen) (mean ± SE) level in bitches affected with pyometra at 0th, 5th and 10thday of therapy was 41.16 ± 3.51mg/dl, 35 ± 3.66mg/dl and 24.33 ± 2.56mg/dl, respectively and serum creatinine (mean ± SE) level estimated 1.36 ± 0.19 mg/dl, 1.16 ± 1.23 mg/dl and 1.03 ± 0.15 mg/dl, respectively and also serum ALT(Alanine aminotransferasae) (Mean ± SE) level in bitches affected with pyometra was 76.45 ± 18.34 U/L, 76.0 ± 15.07 U/L and 58.33 ± 15.11 U/L, respectively at 0th, 5th and 10th day of therapy. The mean ± SE value of haemoglobin at 0th, 5th and 10th day of therapy were11.8 ± 0.23 g/dl, 11.93 ± 0.43 g/dl and 11.91 ± 0.18 g/dl, respectively. The mean ± SE value of total leucocytes count at 0th, 5th and 10th day of therapy were found to be 33 ± 5.71 × 103/mm3, 25.53 ± 3.5271 × 103/mm3 and 18.75 ± 3.20103/mm3, respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) of total leucocytes count between 0th, 5th and 10th day of therapy. The mean ± SE values total lymphocytes at 0th, 5th and 10th day of therapy were 0.45 ± 0.04103/mm3, 0.75 ± 0.04 103/mm3 and 1.23 ± 0.03103/mm3, respectively. In conclusion, the level of haemato-biochemical parameters of pyometra affected bitches varied at different time during therapy with cloprostenol and mifepristone.

Herbal lassi was prepared by adding concentrated lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) extract (CLE) at different levels (0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5%). The herbal lassi prepared with addition of CLE (2.0%) had significantly (P<0.05) higher scores for the sensory attributes viz. flavour (8.52 ± 0.10), colour and appearance (7.60 ± 0.07), product acidity (8.44 ± 0.11) and overall acceptability (8.47 ± 0.10) as compared to control whereas the score for body and texture (8.28 ± 0.08) resembled to that of control. Therefore, lassi prepared with 2.0 per cent CLE was adjudged as the optimized product. The optimized product had TS (21.22%), fat (3.02%), protein (3.37%), total carbohydrate (14.12%), ash (0.71%), pH (4.71) and titratable acidity (0.68% LA). Further, the herbal lassi had higher TPC (50.28 ± 0.04 µM GAE/100 g) and antioxidant capacity i.e. ABTS (19.46 ± 0.03 µM TE/100 g), DPPH (33.53 ± 0.05 µM TE/100 g) and FRAP

(24.62 ± 0.04 µM TE/100 g). 

Efficiently manage irrigation for brinjal cultivation, we explored the use of a diffuser irrigation system based on a climatological approach, particularly Evapotranspiration, for replenishing water needs. Experiment was carried out the instructional farm of the Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Department at Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri. The net irrigation water applied treatment (T1) was highest i.e., 94 liters per plant. Similarly, The plant height, and yield observed superior in treatment (T1), due to net quantity of water applied was sufficient. The efficiency of irrigation water use was at its peak in treatment T4.

The present study analyses the co-integration of cumin prices in major cumin producing state of Gujarat, one market from each of the 5 districts was selected based on data availability of market arrivals of cumin prices. Price transmission and spatial integration of sample cumin markets were analyzed through employing various statistical/econometric techniques viz. correlation analysis, Johansen Methodology, Granger Causality Test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Correlation analysis showed that the price of the markets in Gujarat were integrated and correlated. Johansen co-integration results showed the long-run equilibrium relationship among the markets indicating that prices in Gujarat cumin markets were well-integrated and move together in response to changes in the demand and supply and price of the product. The Granger causality test indicated that Halved and Gondal are the lead markets because it influenced the prices of most of selected cumin markets with lag of one and two months.

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of feeding different levels of wet brewers grains (WBG) on lactation performance of Jersey cross bred cows. Lactation and feeding wet brewer’s grain feed trail was conducted in sixty lactating cross bred Jersey cow for 120 days and effect of milk production and milk composition and economics were studied. Sixty cows were randomly selected for three treatment groups with four replicates and five cows each. The nutrient requirements calculated

were according to Indian Council Agriculture Research (1998) and experimental feeds were formulated dietary inclusion Brewer’s grain 0 % (T1 Control group) 10 % (T2) and 20% (T3) ration dry matter replacing the cow feed experimental diet were fed with the cow feed twice daily, morning and afternoon before milking. Required green fodder was fed four times a day to avoid wastage of feed. Data on milk yield of individual animal was recorded daily throughout the experimental period. Milk samples were collected at fortnightly intervals and were analyzed for total solids, fat and solid not fat (SNF). The result showed that there was highly significant (p< 0.01) increase on milk yield (kg per day) when brewers grain was included in the cattle ration at 20 per cent DM replacing cattle feed dry matter quantity proportionately compared to other rations (T1 and T3). Non-significant (P < 0.01) changes were recorded in milk fat (%), solid not fat (%) and total solids (%) of milk between treatment groups. The efficiencies of Milk yield (milk yield/DMI) were significantly (p < 0.05) differed compare to control group and T2 group compared to T3 The income over feed cost (`/animal/day) was significantly more for T3 group.